a headline history of the 1955 richard riot: destruction et pillage (couldn’t happen in toronto)

March Madness: Montreal’s Sainte-Catherine Street bore the brunt of the rioting (and a flood of toe-rubbers) on the night of Thursday, March 17, 1955.

March went out with a roar in Montreal in 1955 after NHL President Clarence Campbell suspended Canadiens’ superstar Maurice Richard for the remainder of that NHL season and the playoffs after a melee in Boston in which he fought with Bruins’ defenceman Hal Laycoe and knocked down a linesman, Cliff Thompson. The rest, of course, was history, wherein the events of the week that followed are remembered as the Richard Riot. A review from those eventful days 68 years ago this week by way of headlines culled from newspapers of the day, from across North America and around the world: 

Monday, March 14

Richard Goes Insane
Boston Daily Record

Richard Stick Duels Laycoe, Fights With Official
Boston Daily Globe

Rocket Goes Wild At Boston, Clouts Laycoe, Linesman
Gazette 

Richard’s Boston Rampage May Hit Habs’ Playoff Hopes
Montreal Star

Tuesday, March 15

Boston Brawl Principals Meet Here Wednesday Morning
Gazette

‘Rocket’ Is Rushed To Hospital For Head X-Ray, Stomach Upset
Toronto Daily Star

Les éliminatoires débuteront à Montréal et Détroit mardi le 22

Montréal-Matin

Punish The Rocket? Decision Tomorrow
Globe and Mail

Wednesday, March 16

Hockey Hearing To Start Today: Richard of Canadiens Will Leave Hospital to Attend Investigation of Fight
New York Times

Décision attendue aujourd’hui dans le cas de Maurice Richard
La Presse

‘Dead’ By Weekend Threat To Campbell
Ottawa Journal

Vive Le Rocket: Montreal fans protest Richard’s suspension in March of 1955.

Thursday, March 17

Richard Banni Par Campbell
Montréal-Matin

Campbell Bans Richard From Playoffs
Detroit Free Press

Ban Against Richard Severe Blow To Canadiens’ Hopes
Montreal Star

Suspension De Richard: Campbell Est Menacé De Mort
La Patrie

Richard May Retire From Hockey
Ottawa Journal

Rocket Not Likely To Retire
Ottawa Citizen

Richard Faces Bleakest Era Of His Colorful Career
Ottawa Journal

Réaction multiples en marge de la suspension de M. Richard
L’Action Catholique

Had Fans Are Bitter; Threats Of Violence
Globe and Mail

La punition jugée trop forte: Le maire Drapeau espère une revision du verdict
La Presse

Ired Fans Threaten Reprisal
Gazette

Forum Warns Spectators
Ottawa Journal

Trouble And Fame Have Gone Hand In Hand For Rocket
Ottawa Journal

Adams Says Rocket Got Light Deal
Montreal Star

School Sports Head Praises Campbell
Gazette

‘Pas d’appel,’ dit Selke; Campbell au Forum ce soir
La Presse

Friday, March 18

La foule s’attaque au président Campbell
La Patrie

Campbell Chassé Du Forum
Montréal-Matin

Émeute sans précédent
La Patrie

Pire Émeute Depuis La Conscription, À Montreal
Le Droit

U.S. Tear-Gas Bomb Sold Here In 1941
Montreal Star

74 arrestations, 46 vitrines brisées pendant l’émeute
La Patrie

Défi Et Provocation De Campbell
La Presse

Montreal Mayor Criticized In Riot
Ottawa Citizen

Destruction Et Pillage
La Presse

Couldn’t Happen Here
Ottawa Citizen

‘Couldn’t Happen In Toronto,’ Smythe
Ottawa Journal

A Disgrace To Canada
Toronto Daily Star

‘Never … Anything So Disgraceful’ Jack Adams Says
Ottawa Journal

‘It’s Unbelievable’ Says Bruins’ Boss
Ottawa Journal

Seven-Hour Rampage By Ice Hockey Fans
Sydney Morning Herald (Australia)

New York Papers Front Page Hockey Riot
Ottawa Journal

Jail 100 Hockey Fans
Boston Evening Globe

Bullets, Eggs Fly At Riot In Montreal
St. Petersburg Times

‘Our Population Is Enthusiastic,’ Montreal Official
Ottawa Journal

A Disgraceful Spectacle
Gazette

Innocent Storekeepers Pay Huge Toll In Vandals’ Wake
Montreal Star

Ottawa Russians Peeved As ‘Rocket’ Under Suspension
Toronto Daily Star

Councillor Seeks Warrant For Arrest Clarence Campbell
Ottawa Journal

Hooliganism In Montreal
Ottawa Journal

Good For President Campbell!
Ottawa Journal

New York Rangers Not Scared
Ottawa Journal

Campbell démissionnerait
Le Devoir

Collared: Press photo of an unidentified demonstrator apprehended on March 17, 1955 by Montreal police constables (from left) Charles Hynes and Jacques Belanger.

Saturday, March 19

This Isn’t Montreal
Gazette

Majority Of Fans Sickened By Riot
Ottawa Journal

Selke Blames Few Hooligans Not Real Fans
Toronto Dailey Star

Montreal Rioting ‘Premeditated’
Times (U.K.)

Montreal Cops Amazed No One Killed In Mad Violence After Game
Toronto Daily Star

Firm Says Bomb Not Sold To Public
Gazette

Council Lauds Police For ‘Preventing’ Riot
Gazette

Police To Prevent New Riots
Ottawa Journal

Richard Begs Fans Behave
Boston Daily Globe

Richard, Mayor Ask For Orderly Game
Gazette

Stores Rush Mop-Up; Loss Set At $50,000
Gazette

Rioters Allowed Bail On Various Charges
Gazette

Campbell Right In Suspending Rocket, Richard’s Cousin
Lethbridge Herald

Montreal Riot Latent Hostility To Law, Order
Gazette

Riot May Have Sobering Effect, Says Campbell
Globe and Mail

Campbell Announces He Won’t Attend Game Tonight
Gazette

Riots Could Happen Anytime, Anywhere Says Specialist
Lethbridge Herald

Police Ban Parades, Public Assemblies Near Forum
Gazette

Hockey Players ‘Spring Lambs’ Compared To Fans
Ottawa Journal

Tuesday, March 22

Boston Writers Travel By Pairs In Montreal
Boston Daily Globe

Friday, March 25

Campbell Says Forum Riot Could Have Prevented
Ottawa Citizen

Wednesday, March 30

Campbell Finds Solace In Vilifying Mail, Wires
Globe and Mail

Campbell Squashes Proposal To have Rocket Play In Britain
Globe and Mail

Thursday, April 7

27 Men Fined $25 to $100 For Forum Demonstrations
Gazette

Friday, April 15

Wings Beat Habs 3-1, Retain Stanley Cup
Gazette

We Can’t Work It Out: Montreal Gazette cartoon from March 19, 1955.

 

let my rocket go

In the aftermath of Maurice Richard’s extraordinary suspension in March of 1955 and the riotous tumult that followed, the Montreal Gazette reported on one resourceful Canadiens fan who sought the intervention of Canada’s own Queen, Elizabeth II. She had, it’s true, met the Rocket in Montreal in October of 1951, and with her husband, Prince Philip, watched him play in a game at the Forum against the Rangers, wherein he almost fought New York’s Steve Kraftcheck. (Prince Philip apparently wished he had.) Did the Queen have jurisdiction in cases of NHL discipline, and if so, would King Charles III now consider absolving Jordan Binnington of the St. Louis Blues, do you think? Good questions. In 1955, there’s no indication that Her Majesty ever saw the petition seeking her pardon of the Rocket.

rocket richard riots, 1955: the view from boston

March 13 fell on a Sunday in 1955 and as the NHL season wound down, the first-place Montreal Canadiens paid a visit to Boston to play the Bruins. The third was when all hell broke loose. With six-and-a-half minutes remaining and Boston leading 4-1, the Bruins’ Warren Godfrey took a holding penalty. Montreal coach Dick Irvin pulled his goaltender, Jacques Plante, and Canadiens went to the attack. It was then that Bruins defenceman Hal Laycoe, 32, high-sticked Canadiens’ superstar Maurice Richard, 33. Tom Fitzgerald of the Boston Globe gave it a decidedly more passive spin in his description: “Laycoe’s uplifted stick caught Richard on the side of the head.”

In the fight that ensued, blood flowed as both players swung sticks and threw fists, and in the chaos of it all, Richard punched linesman Cliff Thompson. “Thompson tried to pop Maurice right back,” Fitzgerald wrote, “but landed short, and meanwhile Laycoe flung his red-drenched towel at [referee Frank] Udvari, earning his misconduct.”

The coverage next day in Boston also included the headline above in the Daily Record and the artist’s impression below, from the Boston American. NHL President Clarence Campbell wasted no time in suspending Richard for the remainder of the season and the playoffs, a sentence that would have consequences in Montreal four days later.

boston garden blues

Boston’s Brave: Maple Leaf goaltender Turk Broda makes his way to the ice at Boston Garden on the night of Thursday, April 1, 1948, with teammate Vic Lynn following behind. Boston Police doubled their presence at the Garden on this night for the fourth game of the Bruins/Leafs Stanley Cup semi-final after a violent end to game three on March 30.

In the long fierceness that is the rivalry between the Boston Bruins and the Toronto Maple Leafs, the Boston leg of the Stanley Cup semi-final in which the two teams met in the spring of 1948 stands on its obstreperous own.

The Leafs had won the first two games at home. They were the defending Cup champions that year, featuring a stacked line-up that included the sublime talents of Ted Kennedy, Max Bentley, and Syl Apps, and they continued their dominance when the teams moved to Boston, beating the Bruins 5-1 at the Garden on the Tuesday night of March 30 to take a stranglehold on the best-of-seven series.

Boston didn’t go quietly that night, though. The game was an ill-tempered one throughout: “stormy” was the word the local Globe used to describe it.

For instance: when, early on, Milt Schmidt  and Fern Flaman pinned Bill Barilko to the boards, a spectator leaned over to punch the Leaf defenceman. (Referee Georges Gravel did his best to see the fan ejected from the arena, in vain.)

For instance: a late-game jam between the Leafs’ Harry Watson and Boston’s Murray Henderson ended with a broken nose for the latter.

For instance: as the teams were departing the ice at the end of the game, another fan swung a fist at Leaf coach Hap Day.

That was how the Boston press framed it, anyway. Jim Vipond of Toronto’s Globe and Mail had a more nuanced account, alleging that two fans near the Toronto bench were heckling Day throughout the game, “repeatedly calling him ‘yellow.’” Vipond noted that Gravel tried to have this pair removed, too, but Bruins’ president Weston Adams “dashed to the side of the rink and refused to let the police interfere.”

When the game ended, one of these same agitators seized Day’s hat, a light-tan fedora. Other fans joined in, and Toronto defenceman Wally Stanowski came to his coach’s aid, followed by Ted Kennedy, assistant trainer Cliff Keyland, and defenceman Garth Boesch. The fracas spilled on to the ice; general tussling ensued; Boesch was punched in the face; linesman George Hayes and several policemen helped to restore the peace.

Day’s hat was lost, Vipond reported, and Boesch was dazed: he “had to be taken back to the hotel and put to bed.”

The Leafs were, understandably, outraged, but then so were many on the Boston side of things. Boston Globe columnist Herb Ralby went to the Leaf dressing room to apologize. Weston Adams went, too, but Leaf president Conn Smythe pushed him out before a pair of Boston policemen intervened.

“That was a disgraceful occurrence,” Bruins’ captain Milt Schmidt told Red Burnett of the Toronto Star. “They’ll have to do something to curb those morons,” said his teammate Jack Crawford. “The police should step in and chase them before they can molest visiting players. We don’t receive that kind of treatment in Toronto.”

Mrs. Crawford agreed. “That’s the worst piece of sportsmanship I’ve ever seen,” she said. “The better team won and that’s all there should be to it.”

There was more, though. The following day, as the teams prepared to resume their series, a Boston judge issued arrest warrants for linesman George Hayes and King Clancy, who’d been at the game as back-up referee. They stood accused of assaulting a fan by the name of Ed Shallow, an employee of Boston’s housing authority.

Shallow, it seems, had gone after Georges Gravel in the March 30 melee. According to his complaint, Clancy had “grabbed Shallow by the seat of his trousers and hustled into the officials’ room. Inside the room, Clancy and Hayes are alleged to have manhandled Shallow, whose glasses were smashed.”

No fooling: Clancy and Hayes appeared in court on the morning of April 1, with Clancy testifying that he didn’t know how Shallow ended up in the referees’ room, but that no-one had touched him there. Judge Charles Carr acquitted the officials; the assault, he said, was not proved beyond a reasonable doubt. He had strong words nevertheless for Clancy: “I am absolutely certain you are not telling the truth,” Judge Carr told him.

Clancy and Hayes both worked the game that night. The Bruins pulled out a 3-2 win to send the series back to Toronto in what was a relatively peaceful encounter. “The teams tended strictly to their knitting,” Herb Ralby wrote in the Globe. King Clancy, he reported, ruled with an iron hand, “stopping all disturbances in the first period and from there on, the teams just concentrated on hockey.”

Security, he noted, had been stepped up. “There were so many policemen in the rink, it might have been misconstrued as the policemen’s ball.”

“We’ll do everything in our power to protect the visiting players,” said Garden president Walter Brown, “and to prevent a good sport like hockey from being ruined. Anybody who does anything wrong will go right out. Honestly, I can’t understand what’s come over Boston fans to act in the rowdyish way they have this year.”

Bruins’ games were normally policed by 20 patrolmen at this time; on this night, the crowd of some 13,000 was swelled by 50 Boston policemen, three sergeants, and a lieutenant, along with 12 Boston Garden security officers.

Back in Toronto two days later, the Leafs closed out the series with a 3-2 win of their own. Later in April, they went on to beat the Detroit Red Wings in a four-game sweep to take their second consecutive Stanley Cup championship.

rocket radio

Maurice Richard got to the Montreal Forum around three o’clock in the afternoon on this date in 1955, another Friday: he had a statement he wanted to make. Canadiens GM Frank Selke said he didn’t have any objection, so PR director Camille Desroches put the word out to the press. Two days earlier, on the Wednesday, NHL President Clarence Campbell had suspended Richard for the remainder of the regular season as well as the upcoming playoffs. Thursday, a Rocketless Montreal had been hosting the Detroit Red Wings — trying to — when a riot exploded in the Forum, ending the game and spilling out onto city streets in a four-hour frenzy of destruction.

Twenty-four hours later — and 67 years ago tonight — Richard sat in the Montreal dressing room, in front of all the microphones and the reporters, his number-nine sweater hung forlornly on a hanger, in his suit.

He smiled briefly, Gazette reporter Langevin Cote noted, but he appeared tense. “He rubbed his eyes, tugged at his tie, scratched his left ear.” A bell started to ring in the dressing room as he began to read his statement in French, so he had to start again. When he read it in English, He his voice was steady. “He appeared moved,” Cote wrote.

“I will take my punishment and come back next year to help the club and the younger players win the Cup,” he said. “Because I always try so hard to win and had my trouble at Boston I was suspended. At playoff time it hurts not to be in the game with the boys. However, I want to do what is good for the people of Montreal and my team. So that no further harm will be done, I would like to ask everyone to help the boys to win from Rangers and Detroit.”

The damage to businesses and property was still being calculated as Richard spoke: most estimates hovered around $100,000, a $1-million or so in 2022 terms. Thirty-seven men had been charged in the Thursday-night fracas, while a further 25 youths were awaiting trial in Montreal’s Social Welfare Court.

A Montreal city councillor named Adeopat Crompt, meanwhile, was seeking to have Campbell arrested for showing up at the Forum and provoking the mayhem. Mayor Jean Drapeau didn’t quite go that far, but he did ask Campbell to stay away from Sunday night’s regular-season finale at the Forum, when the Red Wings were back in town.

Campbell was duly outraged, but he did stay home. The game went ahead without civil unrest, though it didn’t turn out as the Canadiens would have hoped, with Detroit prevailing by a score of 6-0.

A month-and-a-half later, the Wings beat the Canadiens in the championship series, too, to raise their second Stanley Cup in succession. Maurice Richard did eventually live up to his word in that fraught dressing room: in April of 1956, the Rocket did help his club claim back the Cup in a five-game series win over Detroit.

 

 

another night at the office

In The Soup: A tomato-besmutched Clarence Campbell departs his Forum seat on the night of March 17, 1955, in the early going of Montreal’s riot.

Later, Clarence Campbell was asked what he would have done differently if he’d known a riot was in the offing. “I wasn’t frightened, if that’s what you mean,” was his response. “I think, in the interest of everybody, if I had known what was going to happen, the thing then to have done would have been to call the whole thing off.” As it was, let history show that on a Thursday of this date in 1955, Montreal’s game against the Detroit Red Wings went ahead a day after the NHL president suspended Canadiens’ superstar Maurice Richard for the end of the regular season and the playoffs to follow.

During the first period, unhappy Habs fans accosted Campbell in his Forum seat, yelling insults and bombarding him with (as Montreal GM Frank Selke remembered) According to Frank Selke: “bad fruit, eggs, and bags full of water.” Worse followed: Andre Robinson, 21, Rue St. Henri squeezed a tomato over Campbell’s head. (He was charged with assault.) Another young bravo held out his hand for a shake: when Campbell extended his hand, he got a slap in the face. At about that same time, someone tossed what Montreal police later described as “a U.S. Army type tear-gas bomb.” The Toronto Daily Star reported: “Campbell, after being punched in the face, was buried under an avalanche of rubbers, peanuts, programs, eggs, tomatoes, and pennies.” The Forum organist played “My Heart Cries For You.”

The game was called off soon after that, forfeited to Detroit, who’d been leading 4-1.

Recalling his service as a soldier with the Canadian Army in the Second World War, Campbell said, “I’ve seen lots of panics, but never anything like this.” Soon enough, of course, the riot spilled out into the streets of Montreal. Cars burned, looters sacked stores.

“Let us hope the outside world has been sufficiently distracted by the H-bomb and the Yalta papers, during the last couple of weeks,” the Star’s editorial page opined next day from Toronto, “to keep it from taking a close look at Canada. Otherwise the idea might have got abroad that this is a nation of hicks and hooligans.”